Ustad Fateh Ali Khan-Patiala Gharana

[avichinnu]

Fateh Ali Khan (born: 1935) is amongst the foremost Khayal vocalists alive today in Pakistan, and the last significant exponent of the Patiala Gharana (stylistic lineage). He is the younger of the singing duo "Amanat Ali-Fateh Ali", who enjoyed immense prestige and success in Pakistan as well as India, until the demise of Amanat Ali Khan (1932-1974).

Amanat Ali-Fateh Ali became celebrities while still in their childhood in undivided India, and achieved their highest official recognition in 1969, when the President of Pakistan conferred on them the Pride of Performance Medal. The “Bade” (elder) prefix got attached to Fateh Ali’s name after younger Pakistani musicians with similar names started making waves with an entirely different genre of music.

Fateh Ali and his late brother were trained by their father, Akhtar Hussain, a distinguished vocalist in the patronage of the princely state of Patiala in colonial, undivided India. Their grandfather, Ali Baksh, also served the same court, and was a cofounder of the Patiala gharana. The prodigious talent of Amanat Ali- Fateh Ali received early encouragement at the Patiala court. They had a glorious debut in 1945 at Lahore, sponsored by the influential connoisseur, Pandit Jeevanlal Mattoo Their breakthrough came at the All-Bengal Music Conference in Calcutta in 1949, when Amanat Ali was 17, and Fateh Ali was 14, after which they never looked back. Life changed dramatically for the budding stars when India was partitioned in 1947, and the family opted to migrate to Pakistan.

Overcoming destitution in their new home, the duo swung back, while still in their teens, to earn their rightful place amongst the foremost vocalists of the subcontinent. Fateh Ali was dealt a devastating blow with the demise of his brother Amanat Ali in 1974. Fateh Ali is reported to have suffered a deep depression for over a year and a half, following which he joined Radio Pakistan as a supervisor.

The two brothers as a duo had neatly dividing their singing by specialisation. Amanat Ali Khan had a gifted voice and he embellished his singing in broad sweeps by lagao, and blossoming out in the upper register while Fateh Ali engaged in intricacies of the countless behlawas and complex taans, in a much lower and gravelly voice, respectively drawing inspiration from two elders of their gharana, Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan and Ustad Ashiq Ali Khan.

Fateh Ali was urged to restart his performing career, but would break into tears when first beginning to sing. Fateh Ali Khan eventually overcame this emtional block, and started singing as a duo with his younger brother Hamid Ali Khan, as well his nephews, Asad Amanat Ali Khan(1952-2007) or Amjad Amanat Ali Khan who are both sons of his late brother Amanat Ali Khan. The absence of Amanat Ali made Fateh Ali redevelop and re-align his singing style. He had to fill the void left by Amanat Ali in the middle of his career, which in any case is not an easy thing to do. The void was only partly filled by Hamid, Amjad Amanat and Asad Amanat Ali Khan, as these three have occupied a relatively junior role in comparison with the almost equal footing that Amanat Ali and Fateh Ali fulfilled as a duo.

Though trained also in the mediaeval Dhrupad genre, the uncle-nephew duo restricts its repertoire to the modern mainstream genre, Khayal, and the romanticist genres, Thumris, Dadra, and Ghazal. The pair has, since their alliance, performed widely in Europe, North America, the Middle East, and South Asia, and released several recordings. One highly unusual CD released in 1995 is entitled "Ragas and Sagas", which is a collaboration with Norwegian Saxaphonist Jan Garbarek. Fateh Ali has performed all over the world and has many students internationally. One of his favorite students was Deeyah from Norway. She is origanly half Afghan and half Pakistani. She was born in Norway. And now she is in USA.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the Patiala style of Khayal vocalism has been represented by two streams of the gharana. One stream, gave the music world the Amanat Ali and Fateh Ali duo. The other stream, through its training of Kasur gharana vocalists, produced Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (1903-1968), his brother Barkat Ali Khan (1907-1963), and the former’s son, Munawar Ali Khan (1933-1989). With the stylistic distinctiveness and continuity of Khayal gharanas having fallen prey to socio-cultural changes on both sides of the India-Pakistan border, Fateh Ali Khan is the last of the thoroughbred Patiala vocalists.
for more information:
http://classicalmusicheritage.org/default.aspx

[avichinnu]

An article on Fateh ali khan published in The hindu:
http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/11/12/stor ... 220800.htm
thanks to kulkarni, who introduced this great musician.

[Kanti Dattani]

avichinnu wrote on 1.5.08
>>One highly unusual CD released in 1995 is entitled "Ragas and Sagas", which is a collaboration with Norwegian Saxaphonist Jan Garbarek.<<

This is a great CD, very popular with those willing to accept innovation. It is quite expensive like all other CDs released by ECM records Germany. But the recording quality is outstanding though the balance between vocals and instruments is wrong. The CD number is ECM1442 Ragas and Sagas, recorded in May 1990, and it includes ragas based on Shivaranjani, Durga and Bhimpalasi.

Kanti