What is chatusra thisram?

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Ranganator
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What is chatusra thisram?

Post by Ranganator »

Hi all. I think the topic put up is quite self explanatory. I know what is thisram, but can anyone give an explicit insight into chatusra thisram?

vasanthakokilam
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by vasanthakokilam »

Here is a hall of fame thread on this topic: http://www.rasikas.org/forums/viewtopic ... 92#p136592
The above link starts in the middle of an understandably confusing discussion up to that point and things are starting to gel clearer at this point. I do not call it a hall of fame thread for my posts, definitely not, I was a mere scribe, but msakellaji and sr_iyer led the discussion and as you will see we took it to the mathematical extreme and then pulled it back and related to actual practical performance. There is something there for the theoretical minded as well as practical aesthetics minded.

Sachi_R
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by Sachi_R »

Vkm, what a thread. Thanks.

I think all that we would now need is a sound byte of someone illustrating chaturasra trisra and variations thereof with either swaras or sollus. Please oblige.
That file would be a Go-to source for all future discussions.

Ranganator
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by Ranganator »

A very good thread indeed. Exploring intricate laya arithmetics. Way to go, Akella sir!!!

vasanthakokilam
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by vasanthakokilam »

Check out this link, Plaghat Raghu sir demonstrating various laya vishaya with Abhishek and Anand https://youtu.be/SrhbfdKpprk?t=160 Starting at 2:40 PR mentions mixing Chatusram and Chatusra Tisram.. Hope it is the same concept as discussed in this thread. Hope someone will walk us through it.

What we should observe externally is with chatusram tisram they will repeat the line 2 times in 3 tala cycles.
Contrast this to a switch to a tisra gathi where they will repeat the line 3 times in 2 tala cycles.

Where do artists use Chatusra Tisram? If they want to do gathi bedam from eduppu to eduppu, then true tisra gathi is a nightmare and may even be impossible and not aesthetically pleasing, chatusra tisram illusion comes to the rescue. Of course another way to solve this problem without resorting to chatusra tisram is to do gathi bedam from arudi to arudi.

Talking of hall of fame, this Palghat Raghu directed Abhishek/Anand demo belongs in the Carnatic Music Hall of Fame. Check out all the parts.

shankarank
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by shankarank »

https://youtu.be/jixYj0hFNxQ?t=3785 - he does caturAshra triSram there!

covered @ viewtopic.php?f=13&t=28522

When syllables break in 3 mAtras in ordinary caturaSra naDai - then a start is made to do 1 syllable (in vocal) every 3 mAtras of caturaSra naDai - then do a taka for each such 3 and takadimi in the next speed for each such 3 - that is in effect doing an inverse of triSram. tAla beats are now in triSra naDai relative to the vocal syllables.

In triSram - vocal syllables will take the form of 3 syllables for each major beat ( 4 mAtras) of caturAsra nadai!

So it is whether you take 3 mAtras of caturAsra naDai to then substitute 2 or 4 in its place ( caturaSra triSram) OR take 4 matrAs ( one full major beat interval) of caturASra naDai and substitute 3 vocal syllables in its place (triSra naDai).

shankarank
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by shankarank »

Here is another one from Ramnad.

https://youtu.be/joMwpv0Trfs?t=2778

See how he does only 1 @ each of the 3 matrAs and ends with 2, 2 (nidapama entuku) @ the last 6.

vasanthakokilam
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by vasanthakokilam »

shankarank wrote: 27 Mar 2017, 03:30 So it is whether you take 3 mAtras of caturAsra naDai to then substitute 2 or 4 in its place ( caturaSra triSram) OR take 4 matrAs ( one full major beat interval) of caturASra naDai and substitute 3 vocal syllables in its place (triSra naDai).
Yep, well stated shankarank!

shankarank
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by shankarank »

Here is another one - ramamanOhari ( kriti: mAtangi in ramapriya or ramamanOhari in dikshitar sampradAya ) :

SKR starts with a plain hold through an entire avarta, but KRM gives some premonition of what comes when LV replies - doing caturaSram in 3s. They stay in that mode just doing syllables of 3 mAtra spacing only for a while. Then slowly you see the 3s getting divided by 4 and then 8 and then same with some inclusion of extra prefixes in between.

https://youtu.be/WofW02AARR4?t=3169

vidya raja
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by vidya raja »

In the The link below Kunnakudi Balamurli Krishna's lecdem on laya , explains the concept at timestamp 58.11 onwards. It is quite clear with example.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHWP3XsEoik

shankarank
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by shankarank »


SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

I suppose this must be LGJ himself doing it at @4:10 in this video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv_A3-Jup0g

Is that it? Can someone confirm?

Clever - turning the notes into triplets (R,,S,,| N,,P|,,P,||,N,,S,|,M,,|R,,S||,,N,,S|,,R,|,M,,||) in chatushra nadai to make it look like a nada bhedam, but it's actually not.

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

vasanthakokilam wrote: 26 Mar 2017, 08:22 Here is a hall of fame thread on this topic: http://www.rasikas.org/forums/viewtopic ... 92#p136592
The above link starts in the middle of an understandably confusing discussion up to that point and things are starting to gel clearer at this point. I do not call it a hall of fame thread for my posts, definitely not, I was a mere scribe, but msakellaji and sr_iyer led the discussion and as you will see we took it to the mathematical extreme and then pulled it back and related to actual practical performance. There is something there for the theoretical minded as well as practical aesthetics minded.
Ok, I just looked at KBMK's lec dem in that thread up there and I realized the Sri mahAganapatiravatumAm recording was indeed using it. It is very simple in principle. There's just one more detail.

He's just singing triplets (t,,k,,d,,m,,) in chatushra nadai at 8 counts or 16 counts a beat - this is no different from counting triplets at 4 counts a beat - just the speed got doubled or quadrupled.

Basically 1) t , , k | , , d , | , m , , || (counting 3 patterns in chatushra nadai) became

2) t,,k,,d, | ,m,,t,,k | ,,d,,m,,|| next degree of speed (8 counts per beat)

If that's too much just do the above in 2 kalai and it's the same thing, just at 50% tempo.

One can do this for 16 counts per beat if one is good enough. What that looks like is this

t,,k,,d,,m,,t,,k | ,,d,,m,,t,,k,,d, | ,m,,t,,k,,d,,m,,||

If you don't get it, do it in 4 kalai at 25% tempo and you'll see it's the same thing as example no. 1.

But do not openly stress the commas. If you say t k d m - you sound as though you are counting in groups of 4, while you are in fact taking 4 triplets in a group.

There is a laya exercise of counting patterns of 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 notes in chatushra nadai, which is basically this. Its in AMS exercises and taught as a basic laya lesson. The difficulty only arises at much slower or faster degrees of speed.

Similarly they can actually be done for any nadai.

shankarank
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by shankarank »

SrinathK wrote: 27 Jun 2018, 10:01 One can do this for 16 counts per beat if one is good enough. What that looks like is this

t,,k,,d,,m,,t,,k | ,,d,,m,,t,,k,,d, | ,m,,t,,k,,d,,m,,||
There is no way one can imagine 16 divisions in a medium tempo rUpaka, even though one can do it by brute force in 4(s) by fast reciting takadimi-takadimi-takadimi-takadimi for one beat.
SrinathK wrote: 27 Jun 2018, 10:01 If you don't get it, do it in 4 kalai at 25% tempo and you'll see it's the same thing as example no. 1.
4 kAlai is winging it because you are not in a medium temp - you are in effect not in something that feels like rUpakam, some theoretical 12 akshara tAlA in chaukam.

SrinathK wrote: 27 Jun 2018, 10:01 But do not openly stress the commas. If you say t k d m - you sound as though you are counting in groups of 4, while you are in fact taking 4 triplets in a group.
And that plea to not stress the commas but rather imagine them , kind of gives that away - I mean the difficulty is there only.

And there is good reason why TMK called it rubbish ( doing 16 in a medium tempo rUpakam) in the concert hall of Siva Vishnu temple , Cleveland in a group conversation in the afternoon after all concerts were done. I think it was after Sri Ravikiran's concert in the morning - about 2005 or so. He asked me to divide first the 12 by 8 then asked me to speed to 16. He reasoned that there is no telling when saying the 16 syllables as to where the tALA beats for the middle two beats ought to be.

So this is just executed perceptively. He reasoned that, this is due to the fact that 12/16 = 3/4 = 0.75 , nobody can measure 0.75 of the original aksharam accurately and there is no beat hugging mid-way to help with that.

He also mentioned one thing: Sri Kandasami piLLai launched into it once in Music Academy and played a mohra and kOrvai in that for rUpakam and most people didn't know what happened.

Also mentioned was the fact that doing all the 5, 7, 9 etc over 4 counts per beat , plus doing 4 over 3.5 ( in miSra cApu) is all common in the tavil world.

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

There is no way one can imagine 16 divisions in a medium tempo rUpaka
Some mridangists hit 24 a beat in a very fast farran (switching to tisra nadai), but then it may be argued that there is no kanakku in that. However, it's actually a fact that most of the laya mind screwing happens from the 6-16 beat range or the extremely slow speed where the pauses run for several beats.

Technically this is an effect that I call 'masking', by not counting the commas, you're hiding the real arithmetic. In this, one can either
a)mask the length of each note,
b)or one can mask the nadai.

For a)

t,,k,,d, | ,m,,t,,k | ,,d,,m,,|| with the commas masked. This is chatushra tisram or as I call it - masked triplets in chatushra nadai.

What KMBK describes as 1.5 counts a beat is basically 3 counts in the next degree of speed). The intervening beats need to be calculated to an eduppu of 1/8 and 2/8 to get this right.

And this is where the difficulty really is - we are good at putting beats exactly between notes or vice versa, but here a certain comfort with higher
speed eduppus is a must to render this correctly.

Now look at what's below, the difference between chatushra tisram and a true tisra naDai

t,k,d, | m,t,k, | d,m,t, | k,d,m,|| (This is a true tisra nadai at 6 counts a beat)

Now it is easy to take this further. For e.g. this is khaNDa tisram (If the first term indicates nadai).

t,,d,,g,,n|,,T,,t,,d,|,g,,n,,T,,||t,,d,,g,,n|,,T,,t,,d,|,g,,N,,T,,|| (10 in 3 beats).

Therefore, we may say that the second term tells you how many beats in which that set of 10 should fit in, and also the real length of each note.

And this is khaNDa chatushram
t,k,m|,t,k,|d,m,t,|,k,m,|| (5 counts in 2 beats or 10 in 4) . This is also in khanDa naDai

A chatushra khaNdam would be 8 sets of t,,,, in 5 counts. A chautshra mishra would stretch those 8 notes to 7 beats, and a chatushra sankeernam could allow for 16 in 9 beats. Logical extension really...

b) And now the other type of masking - masking the naDai.

t,,k,,| d,,m,, | t,,k,,|d,,m,, || Clearly this is in tisra nadai. If you hide the commas and sing it like (t k | d m | t k | d m ||) , this could be in any nadai, and you wouldn't know. You could even use this to smoothly change nadais in a higher degree of speed. Like this.

t,k,|d,m,|t,k,|d,m|| (Now you are definitely in chatushra nadai, and yet you're still singing 2 notes a beat).

The whole art of laya IS in the pause (hence the term 'laya' which means 'rest'). :)

shankarank
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by shankarank »

SrinathK wrote: 27 Jun 2018, 10:01 t,,k,,d,,m,,t,,k | ,,d,,m,,t,,k,,d, | ,m,,t,,k,,d,,m,,||
In the above - where there are 16 divisions per beat as shown below:

t,,k,,d,,m,,t,,k |

lets replace commas with tkd solfas.

tkd tkd tkd tkd tkd t | kd tkd tkd tkd tkd tk | d tkd tkd tkd tkd tkd ||

Without that representation , hypothetically , in a procedural sense we cannot imagine 3(s). Unless you use different syllables tkd to represent the 3 , you cannot reckon trplets to begin with. Else the the triplet boundary cannot be demarcated. For example we cannot do "ttt" or "kkk" , for we will lose track of the 3(s). And by the fact that they are different, they have different stresses and the "t" stands out as a sort of beat in your vocalization.

So some singer trying to do this in high speed, even with brute force , to achieve a perfect arithmetic sense, will encounter stress shift and the tALa beat stress suffers an offset to "k", a relatively less stressful solfa when compared to "t" and the next tALa beat alings to "d".

That's what I meant by saying , we cannot win by increasing resolution here.

If rAgAs like dEvagAndhari have to be taken by "experience" - ( anubhavattil piDikka vENDum goes the raga lakshana booklet once distributed in the season ;) ), why not some naDais too for a change 8-)

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

That amount of imperfection is always going to be there. We are human after all. Even tani avartanams and their speed changes are by no means strictly metronomic in their application.

A metronome with a custom beat editor to mark all the eats and pauses however can show the 16 in 3 beats very well.

In fact in 2 kalai, without rendering each beat twice, the 16 in 3 beats even at half speed can make for a very effective torture technique. :twisted:

However the 8 in 3 beats or the 10 in 4 beats (pairs) is very much doable, as with the others.

Christian Kenit Ram
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by Christian Kenit Ram »

There is this video by Puvanur R V Iyer in tribute to M. Palani Subramaniam Pillai , where he does a short demonstration of " Chatushra Tishram " ( He calls it Tishra Chatushram ) in Tishra Jati Eka Talam :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WeAJ7laqS4U --- on 1:04:10

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

Take a good look at this pallavi : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kXo4yr13jA&t=2419s for the differences between counting triplets in chatushra naDai vs a true tisra naDai

At 40:09 -- Gayathri uses Chautshra tisram (4 counts in 3 beats) - IMHO the counting part is really exaggerated in this case, but it serves to illustrate the rhythm very well.

Then at 40:57 -- is the actual naDai change to tisra naDai (3 counts in 2 beats).

Did you notice the difference?

gajamukhu
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by gajamukhu »

A few observations about chatusra tisram (sama kAlam is the "medium tempo" that lies between kIzh kAlam and mEl kAlam):

1. Mathematically, the chatusra tisram and the tisram are reciprocals or inverses of each other. The tisram is sung at 3/2 the speed of the sama kAlam, whereas the chatusra tisram is sung at 2/3 the speed of the sama kAlam. 3/2 and 2/3 are reciprocals of each other.

2. There is a perception that chatusra tisram is 3/4 the speed of the sama kAlam, but this cannot be right. 3/4 speed of the sama kAlam is kIzh kAla tisram (1/2 x 3/2).

3. A line that takes 1 cycle of Adi tAla (e.g. "karuNimpa idi manchi" of the famous varNam) will take 2/3 of a cycle when sung in tisram, while it will take 3/2 cycles in chatusra tisram, as has been explained many times in the posts above and in the other thread. This also demonstrates the reciprocal relationship.

4. The sama kAlam is the "tisram" of the chatusra tisram, since 2/3 x 3/2 = 1. The change in gait perceptible when transitioning from the chatusra tisram to the sama kAlam is (relatively) the same as that perceptible when transitioning from the sama kAlam to tisram.

5. Similarly, the sama kAlam is the "chatusra tisram" of the tisram, since 3/2 x 2/3 = 1.

6. A recent book by Smt. Lakshmi Devnath's book on Sri Lalgudi Jayaraman mentions that Sri LGJ invented chatusra tisram in 1959 just prior to a concert of the Alathur Brothers. See: https://www.facebook.com/47728774569328 ... 755212211/. I hate quoting facebook like this, but this is the best thing I can do before I buy the book and verify. At least I am not quoting Whatsapp!

7. The song "manasu nilpa shakti" (AbhOgi, tyAgarAja) has many lines that feel like chatusra tisram. For instance, in the pallavi, "manasu nilpa shakti leka" has 4 words covering 6 beats of Adi tAla, which is a chatusra tisram gait. The same applies to the "sommidamma" line from the charaNam. I don't know if can we ever find out what the composer intended, but he seems to be correlating this gait with unacceptable behaviors. Any opinions or corrections in this regard are eagerly sought!

8. There is a lecdem on pallavis by Sri S. Balachander (search Sangeethapriya for "75-S_Balachander_Pallavi_Lecdem") where he takes the selfsame line "manasu nilpa shakti lEka pOtE", sings it at chatusra khaNDam (analogous concept, 2/5 speed of the sama kAlam), and then does a tisram of the chatusra khaNDam. It would be an understatement to say that he had outstanding manasu nilpa shakti!

9. The concept of doing a tisram (3/2 speed) of the chatusra khaNDam (2/5 speed) amounts to singing at 3/2 x 2/5 = 3/5 speed. Perhaps this is khaNDa tisram, which Smt. RS Jayalakshmi refers to in this lecdem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3M7QUrwAV4.

--Ganesh

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

So let's extend it to all possible cases :

1) chatushra tisram - t,,k|,,d,|,m,,|| or t,,k,,d,|,m,,t,,k|,,d,,m,,|| (It will complete one round of 4 or 8 syllables in 3 beats or 4 x 3 = 3 x 4 = 12)

2) chatushra khanDam - t,,,|,k,,|,,d,|,,,m|,,,,|| or t,,,,k,,|,,d,,,,m|,,,,t,,,|,k,,,,d,|,,,m,,,, || (4 or 8 syllables in 5 beats or 4 x 5 = 5 x 4 = 20)

3) chatushra mishram - t,,,|,,,k|,,,,|,,d,|,,,,|,m,,|,,,,|| (4 or 8 syllables in 7 beats or 4 x 7 = 7 x 4 = 28)

The second speed variation is t,,,,,,k|,,,,,,d,|,,,,,m,,|,,,,t,,,|,,,k,,,,|,,d,,,,,|,m,,,,,,||

4) chatushra sankeernam - 4 or 8 syllables in 9 beats or 4 x 9 = 9 x 4 = 36
First speed : t,,,|,,,,|,k,,|,,,,|,,d,|,,,,|,,,m|,,,,|,,,, ||

Second speed : t,,,,,,,|,k,,,,,,|,,d,,,,,|,,,m,,,,|,,,,t,,,|,,,,,k,,|,,,,,,d,|,,,,,,,m|,,,,,,,,||
Last edited by SrinathK on 10 Aug 2018, 10:09, edited 1 time in total.

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

And then there are also these :
1) tisra chatushram - t,,|,k,|,,T|,,,|| or t,,,k,|,,T,,,|t,,,k,|,,T,,,||

The second speed variation may also be written as t,k|,T,|t,k|,T,||
(If you look closely at this, you'll see that this is in fact a tisra dvayam (or whatever word you use for 2)!! It is also a tisra naDai at 1/2 speed.

This may also be found in any other odd naDai) So 2x3 = 3x2 = 6 and 3x4 = 4x3 = 12

2) tisra khaNdam - t,,|,,k|,,,|,T,|,,,||
Second speed : t,,|,,k|,,,|,T,|,,,|t,,|,,k|,,,|,T,|,,,|| (5x3 = 3x5 = 15)

3) tisra mishram - t,,|,,,|,k,|,,,|,,T|,,,|,,,|| (3 x 7 = 7 x 3 = 21)
Second speed - t,,,,,|,k,,,,|,,T,,,|,,,t,,|,,,,k,|,,,,,T|,,,,,,||

4) tisra sankeerNam - t,,|,,,|,,,|k,,|,,,|,,,|T,,|,,,|,,,|| (3 x 9 = 9 x 3 = 27)
Second speed - t,,,,,|,,,k,,|,,,,,,|T,,,,,|,,,t,,|,,,,,,|k,,,,,|,,,T,,|,,,,,,||
Last edited by SrinathK on 10 Aug 2018, 11:35, edited 1 time in total.

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

And these
1) khaNDa tisram - t,,d,|,g,,n|,,t,,|| (3x5 = 5x3 = 15)
Second speed : t,,d,,g,,n|,,t,,t,,d,|,g,,n,,t,,||

2) khaNda chatushram - t,,,d|,,,g,|,,n,,|,t,,,|| (4x5 = 5x4 = 20)
Second speed : t,,,d,,,g,|,,n,,,t,,,|t,,,d,,,g,|,,n,,,t,,,|| or more elegantly written as -- t,d,g|,n,t,|t,d,g|,n,t,|| - It is also a khanDa naDai at 1/2 speed

3) khaNda mishram - t,,,,|,,d,,|,,,,g|,,,,,|,n,,,|,,,t,|,,,,,|| (5 x 7 = 7 x 5 = 35)
Second speed : t,,,,,,d,,|,,,,g,,,,,|,n,,,,,,t,|,,,,,t,,,,|,,d,,,,,,g|,,,,,,n,,,|,,,t,,,,,,||

4) khaNda sankeernam - t,,,,|,,,,d|,,,,,|,,,g,|,,,,,|,,n,,|,,,,,|,t,,,|,,,,,|| (5 x 9 = 45 = 9 x 5)
Second speed : t,,,,,,,,d|,,,,,,,,g,|,,,,,,,n,,|,,,,,,t,,,|,,,,,t,,,,|,,,,d,,,,,|,,,g,,,,,,|,,n,,,,,,,|,t,,,,,,,,|| (Seriously, what a behemoth...)
Last edited by SrinathK on 10 Aug 2018, 11:36, edited 2 times in total.

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

And so we keep going... btw if anyone wants to know what these syllables are - they're jatis of 3,4,5,7 and 9 counts
tkt = ta ki Ta
tkdm = ta ka di mi
tdgnt = ta di gi Na ta
tkttKdm = ta ki Ta ta ka di mi
kTtKtdgNt = ki Ta ta ka ta di gi Na ta

1) mishra tisram - t,,k,,T|,,t,,K,|,d,,m,,|| (3x7 = 7x3 = 21)
Second speed t,,k,,T,,t,,K,|,d,,m,,t,,k,,T|,,t,,K,,d,,m,,||

(From here, it's very unlikely you'll ever see the 2nd speed in 1 kalai, but I believe it does exist and this is in fact part of the most complex stuff ever played by percussion artistes, especially thavil artistes, that no one seems to quite get)

2) mishra chatushram - t,,,k,,|,T,,,t,|,,K,,,d|,,,m,,,|| (4x7 = 7x4 = 28)
Second speed : t,k,T,t|,K,d,m,|t,k,T,t|,K,d,m,|| (This is definitely doable). It is also a mishra naDai at 1/2 speed.

3) mishra khaNdam - t,,,,k,|,,,t,,,|,t,,,,K|,,,,d,,|,,m,,,,|| (5x7 = 7x5 = 35)
Second speed : t,,,,k,,,,t,,,|,t,,,,K,,,,d,,|,,m,,,,t,,,,k,|,,,t,,,,t,,,,K|,,,,d,,,,m,,,,||

4) mishra sankeerNam - t,,,,,,|,,k,,,,|,,,,t,,|,,,,,,t|,,,,,,,|,K,,,,,|,,,d,,,|,,,,,m,|,,,,,,,|| (9x7 = 7x9 = 63)
Second speed : t,,,,,,,,k,,,,|,,,,t,,,,,,,,t|,,,,,,,,K,,,,,|,,,d,,,,,,,,m,|,,,,,,,t,,,,,,|,,k,,,,,,,,t,,|,,,,,,t,,,,,,,|,K,,,,,,,,d,,,|,,,,,m,,,,,,,,||
Last edited by SrinathK on 10 Aug 2018, 12:15, edited 3 times in total.

SrinathK
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Re: What is chatusra thisram?

Post by SrinathK »

And finally, the last mile ....

1) sankeerNa tisram - k,,T,,t,,|K,,t,,d,,|g,,N,,t,,|| (3 x 9 = 9 x 3 = 27) : Note - this is also the same as kTt|Ktd|gNt|| or tisra naDai!
Second speed : k,,T,,t,,K,,t,,d,,|g,,N,,t,,k,,T,,t,,|K,,t,,d,,g,,N,,t,,||

This can be rewritten like this kTtKtd|gNtkTt|KtdgNt|| - this is actually a perfect tisra naDai at 2x speed (aka divyasankeerna naDai).

The reason for this phenomenon is that 9 and 18 happen to be multiples of 3. There are 2 types of masking - one of which is masking the duration of each note, and the other is masking the naDai and this happens to be both of them.

2) sankeerNa chatushram - k,,,T,,,t|,,,K,,,t,|,,d,,,g,,|,N,,,t,,,|| (4 x 9 = 9 x 4 = 36)
2nd speed : k,,,T,,,t,,,K,,,t,|,,d,,,g,,,N,,,t,,,|| k,,,T,,,t,,,K,,,t,|,,d,,,g,,,N,,,t,,,||

or more elegantly : k,T,t,K,t|,d,g,N,t,|| (I have found Palghat Raghu using this for the korvai in a tani that I have shared elsewhere on rasikas a few times). It is also a sankeerNa naDai at 1/2 speed

3) sankeerNa khaNdam - k,,,,T,,,|,t,,,,K,,|,,t,,,,d,|,,,g,,,,N|,,,,t,,,,|| (9 x 5 = 5 x 9 = 45)
2nd speed : k,,,,T,,,,t,,,,K,,|,,t,,,,d,,,,g,,,,N|,,,,t,,,,k,,,,T,,,|,t,,,,K,,,,t,,,,d,|,,,g,,,,N,,,,t,,,,||

4) sankeerNa mishram - k,,,,,,T,|,,,,,t,,,|,,,K,,,,,|,t,,,,,,d|,,,,,,g,,|,,,,N,,,,|,,t,,,,,,|| (7 x 9 = 9 x 7 = 63)
2nd speed : k,,,,,,T,,,,,,t,,,|,,,K,,,,,,t,,,,,,d|,,,,,,g,,,,,,N,,,,|,,t,,,,,,k,,,,,,T,|,,,,,t,,,,,,K,,,,,|,t,,,,,,d,,,,,,g,,|,,,,N,,,,,,t,,,,,,||

It may be observed that all the patterns like tisra chatushram, khanDa chatushram, mishra chatushram and sankeerNa chatushram, are identical to tisra, khaNda, mishra and sankeerNa naDais only, but at slower speeds. If each of these were sung in the 3rd degree of speed, this would become obvious. Thus it may be said that naDai bhedam in a way is also a kind of rhythmic cross pattern itself.

And that's concludes the story of the masked cross patterns of CM. :mrgreen: :ugeek:

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