500+ most frequently used telugu words in carnatic music
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Keerti, Is this the right place for that or should I put it in the bhakti sections under the title mahAlakshmi tAyAr? There 6 definitions based on the words: SrIyatE, SrayatE, SruNOti, SrAvayati, SrUNAti and SrInAti. It might become a bit long and unnecessary for this thread.
Last edited by ksrimech on 23 May 2009, 09:14, edited 1 time in total.
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26. 81 manasA - O mind!, manamE, manassE/ manavE, E man!
vocative case of manasu, meaning mind [manasu = mind; manasA = O mind!] (manasA mana sAmarthyamEmi? = O mind, what are we capable of..?)
27. 81 andu - As a pronoun - There, in that place, ange, alli, vahAN..
as a suffix(The locative affix) in, within, on, x-il, x-nalli, x-me/pe/par..
(sakalbhUtamuayandu nIvai = you are immanent in all living things)
28. 79 vinuta - Sanskrit for worshipped by, vaNangapaduvavaN, namisalpaDuva see #6 nuta
the most common usage is probably tyAgarAja-vinuta = worshipped by tyAgarAja..
29. 77 ninu see #8 ninnu you,unai, ninna, tumhe/tujhe ( evarU rA ninu vina = who else, but you)
30. 77 kani - having seen, used in the sense of 'clearly/distinctly' (uData bhakti kani = noticing the devotion of the squirrel)
past participle of the verb kanu (= kannu = eye) = to see/perceive
31. 73 sura - A sanskrit word meaning god i.e, dEva = animiSa = divija (denizen of devaloka)
(sura -nAtha-mukhArchita = worshipped by the king of gods and others)
32. 73 lEka - As a conjunction or/else, tavara?l, horathu, ke binA/ke sivAy
32b. lEka - ( X lEka = in the absence of X) illAmal, illadE, ke bina
(guru lEka etuvanti - in the absence of a teacher)
33. 73 jUci - having seen, pArtthu,nODi, dEkh-kar (ahalyanu (The locative affix) in, within, on, upon jUci brOcina = he who looked at Ahalya and protected her)
73 bhava - A sanskrit word with multiple meanings :
1.Being, subsistence. Earthly or corporeal existence
2. sin, the sinful state, or mortality are subject to sin, the ills of human life
3.The world (bhava-sukham = earthly comforts)
Usage of bhava in the sense of 1,2, 3 is usually compounded with sagara or roga as bhava-sAgara = the ocean of earthly misery, or bhava-rOga = the disease of mundane existence..
Even when the suffix is absent, it is implied as in bhava-taraka = (O lord who) transports me across the ocean of earthly existence
4. lord Siva - bhava-nuta =(O lord)worshipped by siva
5. as a suffix, it means 'born of' e.g. kamala-sambhava = lotus born i.e. brahma
34a. 69 dhara - a sanskrit word meaning (up)holder/wielder/ supporter.
jala-dhara = ambu-dhara = cloud
kalA-dhara = moon
rAjadhara = (SaSi)kalA-dhara = siva [bearing the moon]
bhU-dhara = supporters of the earth = mountains
etc..
34b. also earth, the saskrit dhara, truncated to dhara, as the telugus are wont to do..
(dharanu nI sari daivamu = in/on this earth, (is there) a deity (like you..?))
vocative case of manasu, meaning mind [manasu = mind; manasA = O mind!] (manasA mana sAmarthyamEmi? = O mind, what are we capable of..?)
27. 81 andu - As a pronoun - There, in that place, ange, alli, vahAN..
as a suffix(The locative affix) in, within, on, x-il, x-nalli, x-me/pe/par..
(sakalbhUtamuayandu nIvai = you are immanent in all living things)
28. 79 vinuta - Sanskrit for worshipped by, vaNangapaduvavaN, namisalpaDuva see #6 nuta
the most common usage is probably tyAgarAja-vinuta = worshipped by tyAgarAja..
29. 77 ninu see #8 ninnu you,unai, ninna, tumhe/tujhe ( evarU rA ninu vina = who else, but you)
30. 77 kani - having seen, used in the sense of 'clearly/distinctly' (uData bhakti kani = noticing the devotion of the squirrel)
past participle of the verb kanu (= kannu = eye) = to see/perceive
31. 73 sura - A sanskrit word meaning god i.e, dEva = animiSa = divija (denizen of devaloka)
(sura -nAtha-mukhArchita = worshipped by the king of gods and others)
32. 73 lEka - As a conjunction or/else, tavara?l, horathu, ke binA/ke sivAy
32b. lEka - ( X lEka = in the absence of X) illAmal, illadE, ke bina
(guru lEka etuvanti - in the absence of a teacher)
33. 73 jUci - having seen, pArtthu,nODi, dEkh-kar (ahalyanu (The locative affix) in, within, on, upon jUci brOcina = he who looked at Ahalya and protected her)
73 bhava - A sanskrit word with multiple meanings :
1.Being, subsistence. Earthly or corporeal existence
2. sin, the sinful state, or mortality are subject to sin, the ills of human life
3.The world (bhava-sukham = earthly comforts)
Usage of bhava in the sense of 1,2, 3 is usually compounded with sagara or roga as bhava-sAgara = the ocean of earthly misery, or bhava-rOga = the disease of mundane existence..
Even when the suffix is absent, it is implied as in bhava-taraka = (O lord who) transports me across the ocean of earthly existence
4. lord Siva - bhava-nuta =(O lord)worshipped by siva
5. as a suffix, it means 'born of' e.g. kamala-sambhava = lotus born i.e. brahma
34a. 69 dhara - a sanskrit word meaning (up)holder/wielder/ supporter.
jala-dhara = ambu-dhara = cloud
kalA-dhara = moon
rAjadhara = (SaSi)kalA-dhara = siva [bearing the moon]
bhU-dhara = supporters of the earth = mountains
etc..
34b. also earth, the saskrit dhara, truncated to dhara, as the telugus are wont to do..
(dharanu nI sari daivamu = in/on this earth, (is there) a deity (like you..?))
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keerthi wrote:the next instalment....
14. 128 rAja - From the Sanskrit, ThyAgarAja has used this word variously, in the sense of king (rAjaN being the root word) and in the sense of moon(RAja being the root word)
When used as a suffix for any animate noun it generally means king/leader - amara/sura-rAja, gaja-rAja khaga-rAja etc..
When it is used as a prefix to a word meaning face[raja-vadana,rAjamukha etc.] or used along with a word for sun and then eyes{ina-rAja-nayana = one with the sun and moon for his eyes} the word means moon..
** also royal. chakkani raja margamu --> right royal road
15. 118 Adi - To play, dance, work, act, Adi,Adi, karkE??
An auxillary? verb, can have several versatile uses, depending on the other verb it is found with..
[(nAd)Adina mata = the words spoken then; mataladi = having spoken]
**Adi --> first
16. 114 anucu - ?,yenru, anta, ?? (rama rama yanuchu.. = rAma rama yenru)
**saying
19. 102 ella - all/everything, ellAm, ella(vu), sab kuch - adj. usually follows a noun(jEsinadella = paNNadu ellam = all that you did)
** also limit usually used in plural, as in ellalu(limits/boundaries). cant think of an example.
Last edited by chetana on 26 May 2009, 15:53, edited 1 time in total.
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keerthi wrote:All the words aren't telugu, some are sanskrit..
6. 188 nuta - A sanskrit word meaning worshipped, vaNangappaTTa,namaskarisalpatta, ?
X-nuta means worshipped by X..
words with more or less the same meaning include nata, sannuta,pUjita,(kara)-archita, vandita.. pUjya,vandya convey the same meaning approximately..
***nuta is praised by.
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vasanthakokilam wrote:Thanks very much isramesh. That is going to be of great use to a lot of rasikas and musicians.
I did a similar histogram on the entire sahitya of all the tyagaraja compositions from Sri. Govindan's database. Here are the top 500. The number to the left of the word is not a count from the compositions themselves but a count in in Sri. Govindan's document ( which includes commentary ) but the relative frequency should be close enough to the actual compositions. ( except the high runner thyagaraja is left out ). Several words appear in both lists, you can give the meaning of the new entires in the second table. Also, I did not do any manual review of the output of my script, so some english words may have snuck in there and other such anamolies.
Please note that in the transliteration scheme that Sri. Govindan uses, sri is written as zri etc.
1. I have omitted some sanskrit-based words as a lot of them are common to most languages and easily understood.
56 nIdu --> your. connotes a slightly a more respectful way of addressign ( nIdu charana pankajamule gatiyani)
61 nIvE--> you only nIvE dikkani, nIvE gatiyani
53 kara--> hand. varadAbhaya kara kamalE, zaraNAgata vatsalE
51 nija--> own. e.g.1. nija daasulu, 2. I vELa nA Aru zatrulanu nIvE pAradrOli, nija bhaktu chEsi
51 nAma --> named. zri rAma, tAraka nAma
50. vELa--> samayam (time+context+occasion). e.g. same I vELa e.g above
50 jana--> people
49 sadA--> always
49 mAm--> me ; mAm pAhi
48 pati--> lord and master.
46. hRt --> heart
46 enta--> how much e.g. enta nErcinA
46. arcita--> worshipped by
42 zayana--> one who sleeps. ksheera saagara sayana
42. mada--> one of the arishadvargas. arrogance, conceit, egocentricity. i have heard that kama, krodha, lobha are the three main vices. moha, mada and matsaryam are the heightened superlative forms of the first 3 . first set segues into the second if not kept in check.
41 ika --> henceforth, ikanaina elukorada
39. not sure about this at all. OR?
38 rIti--> manner.
38 pada--> feet,
38 pAvana--> sanctified, holy, exalted by piety
38 anucunu--> saying ( present continuous)
37 rAmuni--> rAmA's
37 muni--> sage. esp one who observes mounam (silence)
37 mukha--> face. rarely used for mouth as well
36 mari --> further.
again.
other than. mari vere dikkevarayya rama
36 lOka--> of the world. note: lokamu or lokam is world.
36 kanaka--> gold
36 kOTi--> crore
group, collection--> bhakta kOTi. anDakOTlu kukshinunchi
36 bAguga--> well
35 nAdu--> mine. has a more conciliatory tone.
34 sari --> equal. enough. I jagAna nIdu sari vElpulanu nEnendu gAnanammA.
34. lAli--> lullaby. lAli pAta is a lullaby. singing lAli is the act of putting a child to bed with song. the word itself is sometimes used in songs and in such cases is the equivalent of jo jo.
34. endu--> where
34 ari--> foe
33 paTTi--> beloved child. dasarathuni paTTi
having held (same as paTTukuni). nA pAtakamella pOgoTTi, gaTTiga nA cEyi paTTi, viDuvaka
33 nara--> human
33 janaka--> father. kandarpa janaka
32 vAru--> him (plural) or them . also used for her(plural) but infrequently.
32 teliya -->
32 sarva--> universal, all
32 dhana--> wealth. money.
31 rAdu--> wont come
31 phalamu--> fruit. nOmu phalamu
31. nAga--> related to snakes
31 manasuna--> in (one's) heart.
31 jUDa. it is actually cUDa. becomes jUDa when the word is preceded by a word ending in "n". e.g. nanun cUDa becomes nanu jUDa.
30 zara--> arrow. zara zara samaraika vIra
30 nitya--> daily. by extrapolation constant, eternal ( depending on context)
29 madini--> in (ones) mind . sometimes in ones heart.
29 ennALLu--> how many days
28 nata--> revered by
28 akSa--> eye
27 vadana--> faced. the word for face is vadanamu or vadanam. if the ending is truncated the word usually becomes hte possessive. gajavadana.
27 sAgara--> of the ocean
27 rAga--> affection. rAga dvEsham
26 tAraka--> one that helps you cross over. by extrapolation one that liberates. tAraka mantramu. mantra that helps one cross the ocean of samsara
27 oka--> one. single
27 bAga--> well. same as tamil nalla
27 kana
(not sure what this word means. might help to know the entire sentence)
26 tA--> same as tanu.
26 nIkE--> for you alone.
26 Apta --> dear
25 vinA--> without,other than amba janani, ninu vinA dikkevaramma
25 talli--> mother
25 rakSaka-- protector
25 pAlita--> that which is ruled by (or him that is ruled by)
25 adhipa--> lord
25 Emani--> what specifically? Emani pogaDudune Amani sobagula alamelmanga
24 nIraja--> lotus, nIraja nayana
24 mEnu--> body
23 osagi--> having given
23 munu--> before. same as munupu and sometimes mundu. mundu can also be used for positioning (of objects) in the spatial context. munu and munupu are usually temporal.
23 lOcana--> eyed. pankaja lOcana--> lotus eyed
23 jita--> (one who has ) conquered. jitakrOdha.
23 haraNa--> destruction, dissipation. kAla haraNa mEla ra
23 bangaru--> golden
23 ati--> excess
23 EmO--> perhaps, who knows!, (i ) dont know what
22 vale--> like
22 hita--> well wisher -- kamalAsana hita garuda gamana
22 giri--> mountain, giriraja suta tanaya
22 anti--> i have said.
having touched-->
21 undaga--> while existing, being
21 rA--> come
21 pa
**no idea what this word is
21 nEDU--> today
21 ennaTikO--> not sure when (entones despair)
21 avana
** never heard this word
21 vandita--> one who is revered by (literally one to whom namaskaram is done)
20 vEga--> quickly
20 vAri--> their (plural, or singular +excessively respecful)
also water . vArija is lotus
20 taramA--> is it within (one's )capacity? taramu means generation. by extension it probably means " could it be done in one's lifetime) nA taramA bhava sAgara mIdanu naLiNadalEkshana rAma
20 rahita--> devoid of
20 okate--> one girl.
20 nApai--> upon me
20 iGka--> furthermore
20 cEta--> done by (me)
20 anni- everything
19 sogasu--> beauty
will take this up again later.
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19 parAku --> absentmindedness, inattentiveness
19 lOla--> one who revels in sAmagAna lOla
19 cAla--> a lot
19 Anana--> face(d)
18 vidhi--> fate
braham--> vidhIndra nutE
18 vairi--> foe zambharArai vairi sahodari
18 rAka--> arrival
18 pEru--> name
also a sequential arrangement as in a string (usually of gems) , pEru gala javarAli penDli kUturu, pedda pErula mutyAla meDa pendli kUturu
18 nIvani
18 nAtO--> with me
18 mAku--> for us
18 konnALLu- for some days
18 ina --> sun. inavamza tilaka
18 gAna--> related to singing
18 divya --> divine
18 amara--> godly, immortal
17 velayu-->
17 vAriki--> to thim
17 marmamu--> secret
17 kaNTe--> than
17 kUDi--> together, in concert
17 jAla --> cAla ( depending on the grammar of the phrase)
trickery-->
17 gala--> probably kala. having.
17 dUra--> distant
penetrating
17 dAri--> way, path
16 ilanu, ilalo--> in the world, on this earth
16 balamu--> strength
16 da-->
** whole sentence or phrase please
however,w hen used as a suffix, da means to give. varada, subhada etc.
16 aTu--> that way
16 aTTi--> such
16 anga--> limb
entire body
15 vEgame--> quickly, with haste
15 unna --> existing
15 tanDri --> father
15 sama--> equal,
15 sArasa--->
15 rAya--> king
15 nelakonna--> establisehd
15 mIra--> over-reaching, exceeding
15 kondari--> (pertaining to) some people
15 iDi--> having given
15 dorakunA--> will (i) ever find
15 daLa--> leaf . sarOja daLa nEtri, tulasi daLa
15 ETi--> related to Eru ( a flowing stream)
ETi--> why. srirAmula divya nAma smaraNa cEyuTe cAlu. ghOramaina tapamulanu kOranETikE manasA
15 Abha--> radiance, light
14 zata--> 100. zatakOti manmathAkAra
14 varamaina--> blessed
14 vEru--> different (from)
root ( of a tree)
14 vAridhi--> ocean
15 talaci--> having thought of, recollected
14 tALa--> to bear , vaga jUpaku, tALanu, nannElukOrA tALanu is cannot bear,
14 sukhambu--> same as sukhamu
14 santatamu-->always, constant
14 sadana--> resident( if prefixed with a qualifier, tyagarajahrt sadana), residence (in telugu, the noun usually ends in a mu or m. so residence would be sadanamu)
14 palumAru--> several times, over and over again
14 palka--> constricted form of paluka -- to say
14 pOdu--> wont go
14 manci--> good
14 kAna--> (noun) forest.
kAna--> related to seeing
14 indukA--> was it for this? ( word ending in deergham denotes a question albeit rhetorical)
14 ataDE--> it is him(emphasis- as in him alone)
14 aitE--> but
aitE--> occurs
13 unci--> kept, placed
13 tanuvu--> body
13 surulu--> gods
13 satatamu--> always satatamu mA bhadragiri swami rAmadAsudaina
13 rAjillu--> shine (less related to physical light and more to do with shining of one's prajna, fame etc.)
13 proddu--> morning . also poddu. depedingon the context it could meanf irst half of the day ( toli poddu) or latter half ( mali poddu). poddu pOyindi ( poddu has gone) means night has fallen
13 orula--> others
13 nirupama--> peerless, incomparable
13 nigama--> pertaining to the vedas
13 manavini--> related to appeal. manavi= appeal
13 mRdu--> soft, smooth
13 lEnu--> if preceded by an adverb, I am not there. nEnu akkada lEnu.
if preceded by subject alone, I dont exist. nEnu lEnu.
if preceded by an action, i cannot do it. cEya lEnu. tALa lEnu.
13 kala--> (noun) dream
(verb)--> same as kaligina, having. sugunamulu kala
13 erigi--> same as telisi. having known, being aware of
13 enci--> (verb) having selected
13 dhRta --> holding, karavidhrta kuvalaya, mada danuja vAraNa
13 dari--> river bank,
nearness. same as daggara
13 celimi--> friendship and by extension affection, attachment
13 aTla--> in that manner. same as aTula, aTlu,
12 zEkhara --> one that adorns themselves with rAjazEkhara, chandrasEkhara
12 vAramu--> we are .
if preceded by a subject, as in rAmuni vAramu, it means we belong to rAma. or we are part of rAma's entourage.
if preceded by a verb, as in pUja cEsina vAramu, it means we are the ones who performed the deed
12 tapamu--> same as tapas, penance
12 satta
** not sure what this word is. but sattA ( with a deergham) means capability.
12 sEya--> same as cEya, bhajana sEya vE
12 sAkSi-> witness
12 pAmara--> illiterate pAmarAsura bhIma. one that is ferocious to the demon of ignorance
12 pA
** ??
12 okaTi--> one, single
12 namma--> related to belief and faith ( of nammakam)
12 naga--> nagamu is a mountain. that which has no movement
12 nIru--> water
12 munulu--> muni plural
12 muccaTa--?
12 kuvalaya--> world, also lotus
12 kari--> elephant kariraja varada
12 kalgu--> same as kalugu
12 kAnta--> woman
12 jAli--> (noun) pitiful state. naguMomu ganalEni nA jAli telisi
feeling pity for someone. jAli cUpu. show mercy.
12 ibha--> elephant. ibhavaradAyaka
12 grakkuna--> immediately
19 lOla--> one who revels in sAmagAna lOla
19 cAla--> a lot
19 Anana--> face(d)
18 vidhi--> fate
braham--> vidhIndra nutE
18 vairi--> foe zambharArai vairi sahodari
18 rAka--> arrival
18 pEru--> name
also a sequential arrangement as in a string (usually of gems) , pEru gala javarAli penDli kUturu, pedda pErula mutyAla meDa pendli kUturu
18 nIvani
18 nAtO--> with me
18 mAku--> for us
18 konnALLu- for some days
18 ina --> sun. inavamza tilaka
18 gAna--> related to singing
18 divya --> divine
18 amara--> godly, immortal
17 velayu-->
17 vAriki--> to thim
17 marmamu--> secret
17 kaNTe--> than
17 kUDi--> together, in concert
17 jAla --> cAla ( depending on the grammar of the phrase)
trickery-->
17 gala--> probably kala. having.
17 dUra--> distant
penetrating
17 dAri--> way, path
16 ilanu, ilalo--> in the world, on this earth
16 balamu--> strength
16 da-->
** whole sentence or phrase please
however,w hen used as a suffix, da means to give. varada, subhada etc.
16 aTu--> that way
16 aTTi--> such
16 anga--> limb
entire body
15 vEgame--> quickly, with haste
15 unna --> existing
15 tanDri --> father
15 sama--> equal,
15 sArasa--->
15 rAya--> king
15 nelakonna--> establisehd
15 mIra--> over-reaching, exceeding
15 kondari--> (pertaining to) some people
15 iDi--> having given
15 dorakunA--> will (i) ever find
15 daLa--> leaf . sarOja daLa nEtri, tulasi daLa
15 ETi--> related to Eru ( a flowing stream)
ETi--> why. srirAmula divya nAma smaraNa cEyuTe cAlu. ghOramaina tapamulanu kOranETikE manasA
15 Abha--> radiance, light
14 zata--> 100. zatakOti manmathAkAra
14 varamaina--> blessed
14 vEru--> different (from)
root ( of a tree)
14 vAridhi--> ocean
15 talaci--> having thought of, recollected
14 tALa--> to bear , vaga jUpaku, tALanu, nannElukOrA tALanu is cannot bear,
14 sukhambu--> same as sukhamu
14 santatamu-->always, constant
14 sadana--> resident( if prefixed with a qualifier, tyagarajahrt sadana), residence (in telugu, the noun usually ends in a mu or m. so residence would be sadanamu)
14 palumAru--> several times, over and over again
14 palka--> constricted form of paluka -- to say
14 pOdu--> wont go
14 manci--> good
14 kAna--> (noun) forest.
kAna--> related to seeing
14 indukA--> was it for this? ( word ending in deergham denotes a question albeit rhetorical)
14 ataDE--> it is him(emphasis- as in him alone)
14 aitE--> but
aitE--> occurs
13 unci--> kept, placed
13 tanuvu--> body
13 surulu--> gods
13 satatamu--> always satatamu mA bhadragiri swami rAmadAsudaina
13 rAjillu--> shine (less related to physical light and more to do with shining of one's prajna, fame etc.)
13 proddu--> morning . also poddu. depedingon the context it could meanf irst half of the day ( toli poddu) or latter half ( mali poddu). poddu pOyindi ( poddu has gone) means night has fallen
13 orula--> others
13 nirupama--> peerless, incomparable
13 nigama--> pertaining to the vedas
13 manavini--> related to appeal. manavi= appeal
13 mRdu--> soft, smooth
13 lEnu--> if preceded by an adverb, I am not there. nEnu akkada lEnu.
if preceded by subject alone, I dont exist. nEnu lEnu.
if preceded by an action, i cannot do it. cEya lEnu. tALa lEnu.
13 kala--> (noun) dream
(verb)--> same as kaligina, having. sugunamulu kala
13 erigi--> same as telisi. having known, being aware of
13 enci--> (verb) having selected
13 dhRta --> holding, karavidhrta kuvalaya, mada danuja vAraNa
13 dari--> river bank,
nearness. same as daggara
13 celimi--> friendship and by extension affection, attachment
13 aTla--> in that manner. same as aTula, aTlu,
12 zEkhara --> one that adorns themselves with rAjazEkhara, chandrasEkhara
12 vAramu--> we are .
if preceded by a subject, as in rAmuni vAramu, it means we belong to rAma. or we are part of rAma's entourage.
if preceded by a verb, as in pUja cEsina vAramu, it means we are the ones who performed the deed
12 tapamu--> same as tapas, penance
12 satta
** not sure what this word is. but sattA ( with a deergham) means capability.
12 sEya--> same as cEya, bhajana sEya vE
12 sAkSi-> witness
12 pAmara--> illiterate pAmarAsura bhIma. one that is ferocious to the demon of ignorance
12 pA
** ??
12 okaTi--> one, single
12 namma--> related to belief and faith ( of nammakam)
12 naga--> nagamu is a mountain. that which has no movement
12 nIru--> water
12 munulu--> muni plural
12 muccaTa--?
12 kuvalaya--> world, also lotus
12 kari--> elephant kariraja varada
12 kalgu--> same as kalugu
12 kAnta--> woman
12 jAli--> (noun) pitiful state. naguMomu ganalEni nA jAli telisi
feeling pity for someone. jAli cUpu. show mercy.
12 ibha--> elephant. ibhavaradAyaka
12 grakkuna--> immediately
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Thanks, Chetana.. Gosh! you are really fast..I was trundling along in instalments of tens and fifteens.. You will finish it in three posts!
Why should nuta mean praised by.. What is the root verb..? is is something to the effect 'praise'..?
As far as I know nuti = nati = namana thoufgh they arise from different root verbs..
Why should nuta mean praised by.. What is the root verb..? is is something to the effect 'praise'..?
As far as I know nuti = nati = namana thoufgh they arise from different root verbs..
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I agree, we could make a separate list of sanskrit words, later if required..arasi wrote:VK,
I was wondering. Since the sanskrit based words are more or less familiar to many which occur in their own languages, is it a good idea to go with just the telugu ones--verbs and adverbs in particular? Other words can be added on later? Just a thought...
Will shortly resume my notes on the word-list..
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I acknowledge a mistake in the transliteration here.. in #18, it is all ADi, not Adi..chetana wrote:keerthi wrote:the next instalment....
. 118 Adi - To play, dance, work, act, Adi,Adi, karkE??
An auxillary? verb, can have several versatile uses, depending on the other verb it is found with..
[(nAd)Adina mata = the words spoken then; mataladi = having spoken]
**Adi --> first
19. 102 ella - all/everything, ellAm, ella(vu), sab kuch - adj. usually follows a noun(jEsinadella = paNNadu ellam = all that you did)
** also limit usually used in plural, as in ellalu(limits/boundaries). cant think of an example.
Adi does mean first, or primal or primordial..
I doubt if thyAgarAja has used ella in the sense of boundary.. I believe this form of the word exists in kannaDa/tamizh too. Elle/Ellai = boundary ella=ellA = ellAM = All
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36. 69 aina - a suffix used to give the meaning 'One who or which is or has become'
'Ana'(tam) 'Ada' (Kan) [AdhAramaina = One who is the support]
37. 68 manasu = Mind (Manassu/manassu/mann) ( manasu lOni marmamu = the innermost thoughts of my mind)
38. 67 rArA - A colloquial usAge of rA = come, vA!vA!, bArO, AO-AO.. (rA rA raghuvIrA = Come! O best scion of the raghus)
39. 67 Isha = a sanskrit word for lord/master
Usually used as the latter half of a compound.. (sura+Isha = surEsha = lord of suras/devas = indra(also shAchIsha); dinEsha = lord of the day = sun(also bhEsha); vAgIsha = lord of Vag[speech/sarasvati] = brahma; ramesha = srIsha = hari)
ThyAgaraja has also used the word independently, only to dovetail it into compounds in anupallavi and charanam..(Isha pAhi mAm in kalyani takes off as jagad-Isha and saptarshi-isha in subsequent parts of the song)
39. 64 mA - Our, nam(mudaya), namma, hamAra/hamArI (seetamma ma-(y)amma = seetamma is our mother)
40. 62 dEva - god. can contextually mean the supreme God (deva rAma rAma)More commonly, it refers to the gods who are citizens holding a green-card for amarika-puri (amarAvati)
Common synonyms are amara(immortal), sura(drinkers of surA wine), nirjara (un-ageing), animESHa (un-blinking), divija/divaukasa(denizen of swarga)..
41. 61 nIvE - emphAtic form of nI (see#1 above) you only/you alone/nIyE/nInE/tumhI
(nIvE rA kuladhanamu = It is you, that are my priceless heirloom )
42. 61 anu = hard-to-translate suffix meaning enru like anuchu/yanuchu/ani/yani
43. 60 nanu = nannu = me; see #8 above (nanu pAlimpa = to protect me)
44. 59 gati = Sanskrit word with a couple of meanings..
a. gathi = refuge/asylum/sanctuary (gathi nIvani namminAnu = I trust you to be my refuge)
b. gathi = salvation/mokSha (specially if used as sad-gati)
c. gathi = speed/motion; sadagati is a name for wind as it is ever moving..
45. 56 nIdu = Your,unn(udaya), ninna, tumhAra (nIdu caraNamulE = your feet alone)
46. 55 jaya = Sanskrit word for victor/victory. Also used a proclamation of victory.. ThyAgarAja has mostly used the word in the latter sense.. (jaya mangalam etc..)
47. 53 kara = Sanskrit word with many meanings
a. Doer, causer, creator (srIkara = causer of prosperity)
b. hand,ray, beam (karamuna sara-kOdanDa. = arrows and bow in your hand(s))
48. 53 evaru/yavaru = Who, yAr,yAru, kauN (evaru manaku samAnam = who is equal to us)
49. 53 bhakta = Sanskrit for devotee, votary, pattan/tondan?.. it is the same in other languages..
'Ana'(tam) 'Ada' (Kan) [AdhAramaina = One who is the support]
37. 68 manasu = Mind (Manassu/manassu/mann) ( manasu lOni marmamu = the innermost thoughts of my mind)
38. 67 rArA - A colloquial usAge of rA = come, vA!vA!, bArO, AO-AO.. (rA rA raghuvIrA = Come! O best scion of the raghus)
39. 67 Isha = a sanskrit word for lord/master
Usually used as the latter half of a compound.. (sura+Isha = surEsha = lord of suras/devas = indra(also shAchIsha); dinEsha = lord of the day = sun(also bhEsha); vAgIsha = lord of Vag[speech/sarasvati] = brahma; ramesha = srIsha = hari)
ThyAgaraja has also used the word independently, only to dovetail it into compounds in anupallavi and charanam..(Isha pAhi mAm in kalyani takes off as jagad-Isha and saptarshi-isha in subsequent parts of the song)
39. 64 mA - Our, nam(mudaya), namma, hamAra/hamArI (seetamma ma-(y)amma = seetamma is our mother)
40. 62 dEva - god. can contextually mean the supreme God (deva rAma rAma)More commonly, it refers to the gods who are citizens holding a green-card for amarika-puri (amarAvati)
Common synonyms are amara(immortal), sura(drinkers of surA wine), nirjara (un-ageing), animESHa (un-blinking), divija/divaukasa(denizen of swarga)..
41. 61 nIvE - emphAtic form of nI (see#1 above) you only/you alone/nIyE/nInE/tumhI
(nIvE rA kuladhanamu = It is you, that are my priceless heirloom )
42. 61 anu = hard-to-translate suffix meaning enru like anuchu/yanuchu/ani/yani
43. 60 nanu = nannu = me; see #8 above (nanu pAlimpa = to protect me)
44. 59 gati = Sanskrit word with a couple of meanings..
a. gathi = refuge/asylum/sanctuary (gathi nIvani namminAnu = I trust you to be my refuge)
b. gathi = salvation/mokSha (specially if used as sad-gati)
c. gathi = speed/motion; sadagati is a name for wind as it is ever moving..
45. 56 nIdu = Your,unn(udaya), ninna, tumhAra (nIdu caraNamulE = your feet alone)
46. 55 jaya = Sanskrit word for victor/victory. Also used a proclamation of victory.. ThyAgarAja has mostly used the word in the latter sense.. (jaya mangalam etc..)
47. 53 kara = Sanskrit word with many meanings
a. Doer, causer, creator (srIkara = causer of prosperity)
b. hand,ray, beam (karamuna sara-kOdanDa. = arrows and bow in your hand(s))
48. 53 evaru/yavaru = Who, yAr,yAru, kauN (evaru manaku samAnam = who is equal to us)
49. 53 bhakta = Sanskrit for devotee, votary, pattan/tondan?.. it is the same in other languages..
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Yes, gait is even more appropriate. The interesting thing is, both the style of movement ( aesthetics ) as well as the perceived speed of movement ( aesthetics and technical ) are meant in the layam sense. The perceived speed is just a perception and not real speed of anything. It is like you have a yard to cover in 5 seconds and that can be done in 3 steps, 4 steps, 8 steps or 12 steps. The more the steps, the busier/speedier one looks but in reality you still cover only 1 yard in that 5 seconds.
All this leads me to ask, given those many meanings of gathi, what is the root word from which this comes from and is there a method/unifying concept to these different meanings?
All this leads me to ask, given those many meanings of gathi, what is the root word from which this comes from and is there a method/unifying concept to these different meanings?
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the root verb is 'gam' meaning 'to go' it is conjugated as gacchati, gacchasi, gacchAmi = he/she goes, you go, I go..
Other forms of the verb include the nouns gamana = departure, gati which has that host of meanings..
It may be possible to bring about a relationship between the word and the meanings, but I am not sure how much of it would be conceived, and how much perceived..
As you observed, the meaning of gati is strictly movement.. change in gait creates an illusion of change in speed, but is a mere re-distribution of rhythmic units..
We know that to traverse a given distance (in say, the same time) depending on the length/structure of feet and other factors unique to each creature, a snake, a tiger, an elephant and a swan would each employ a different stride, a different gait.. While the rhythm dynamics of each gait is different, the distance traversed per unit time remains the same, doesn't it..?
Other forms of the verb include the nouns gamana = departure, gati which has that host of meanings..
It may be possible to bring about a relationship between the word and the meanings, but I am not sure how much of it would be conceived, and how much perceived..
As you observed, the meaning of gati is strictly movement.. change in gait creates an illusion of change in speed, but is a mere re-distribution of rhythmic units..
We know that to traverse a given distance (in say, the same time) depending on the length/structure of feet and other factors unique to each creature, a snake, a tiger, an elephant and a swan would each employ a different stride, a different gait.. While the rhythm dynamics of each gait is different, the distance traversed per unit time remains the same, doesn't it..?
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Thanks Punarvasu and Keerthi. Yes, the gathi and naDai all point to motion and so the root of 'to go' makes perfect sense. The beauty of sanskrit is to take such a word and transform it slightly to denote abstract concepts like 'Gait' and illusions of speed. Since you brought up wind, wind is also an illusion ( it by itself does not exist, it is an emergent property, a perception ) so sadgathi is just the right description for it.
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These are also sanskrit based:chetana wrote:I have omitted some sanskrit-based words as a lot of them are common to most languages and easily understood.
53 kara--> hand. varadAbhaya kara kamalE, zaraNAgata vatsalE
51 nija--> own. e.g.1. nija daasulu, 2. I vELa nA Aru zatrulanu nIvE pAradrOli, nija bhaktu chEsi
51 nAma --> named. zri rAma, tAraka nAma
50 jana--> people
49 sadA--> always
49 mAm--> me ; mAm pAhi
48 pati--> lord and master.
46. hRt --> heart
46. arcita--> worshipped by
42 zayana--> one who sleeps. ksheera saagara sayana
42. mada--> one of the arishadvargas. arrogance, conceit, egocentricity. i have heard that kama, krodha, lobha are the three main vices. moha, mada and matsaryam are the heightened superlative forms of the first 3 . first set segues into the second if not kept in check.
38 rIti--> manner.
38 pada--> feet,
38 pAvana--> sanctified, holy, exalted by piety
37 muni--> sage. esp one who observes mounam (silence)
37 mukha--> face. rarely used for mouth as well
36 lOka--> of the world. note: lokamu or lokam is world.
36 kanaka--> gold
36 kOTi--> crore
34. lAli--> lullaby. lAli pAta is a lullaby. singing lAli is the act of putting a child to bed with song. the word itself is sometimes used in songs and in such cases is the equivalent of jo jo.
34 ari--> foe
33 nara--> human
33 janaka--> father. kandarpa janaka
32 sarva--> universal, all
32 dhana--> wealth. money.
31 phalamu--> fruit. nOmu phalamu
31. nAga--> related to snakes
31 manasuna--> in (one's) heart.
30 zara--> arrow. zara zara samaraika vIra
30 nitya--> daily. by extrapolation constant, eternal ( depending on context)
28 nata--> revered by
28 akSa--> eye
27 vadana--> faced. the word for face is vadanamu or vadanam. if the ending is truncated the word usually becomes hte possessive. gajavadana.
27 sAgara--> of the ocean
27 rAga--> affection. rAga dvEsham
26 tAraka--> one that helps you cross over. by extrapolation one that liberates. tAraka mantramu. mantra that helps one cross the ocean of samsara
25 rakSaka-- protector
25 pAlita--> that which is ruled by (or him that is ruled by)
25 adhipa--> lord
24 nIraja--> lotus, nIraja nayana
23 lOcana--> eyed. pankaja lOcana--> lotus eyed
23 jita--> (one who has ) conquered. jitakrOdha.
23 haraNa--> destruction, dissipation. kAla haraNa mEla ra
23 ati--> excess
22 hita--> well wisher -- kamalAsana hita garuda gamana
22 giri--> mountain, giriraja suta tanaya
21 vandita--> one who is revered by (literally one to whom namaskaram is done)
20 rahita--> devoid of
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srkris wrote:AFAIK gam- is not conjugated as gacchati (but as gamati)keerthi wrote:the root verb is 'gam' meaning 'to go' it is conjugated as gacchati, gacchasi, gacchAmi = he/she goes, you go, I go..
Isn't gach- a different root from gam- (although both have the same meaning)?
Gam is the verb which is conjugated as gacchati.. I would know, since this is one of the pitifully few verbs I recognise..
And are you sure lAli is a sanskrit word..?
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this may be a bit off topic... I vaguely remember reading somewhere that sanskrit has 2000+ roots from which any entity, action and relationships among entities can be derived. Is there an easy to browse list of these 2000 roots and their meaning somewhere? I realize it is a big task to learn the rules of derivations, case endings etc. but I thought I will get a feel for what such a 'universal' root word coverage looks like.
BTW, the young girl who won the 2009 Scripps U.S. national spelling bee ( Kavya Shivashankar from Kansas, 13 year old eighth grader ) just breezed through the competition mainly because of her tremendous strength in root words in Latin, Greek, Italian and French and knowing how they are put together in English.
BTW, the young girl who won the 2009 Scripps U.S. national spelling bee ( Kavya Shivashankar from Kansas, 13 year old eighth grader ) just breezed through the competition mainly because of her tremendous strength in root words in Latin, Greek, Italian and French and knowing how they are put together in English.
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51a. 51 nija - nija = personal/one's own,sonda,swanta,nijI.
This seems to be a meaning of sanskrit stock.. (nija-dAsa varada = boon-giver to your devotees)
51b. 51 nija = truth.. uNmai/mei, nija/satya, sach.. (nijamugA nee mahima = verily, your greatness)
this usage of a sanskrit word in a different meaning is peculiar to all the south Indian languages.
(other examples I can think of, with changed meanings, are sadya in kannada, and yadeccham in tamizh)
52. 51 nAma = Sanskrit for name, peyar, hesaru,nAm ( nI nAma-rUpamulaku nitya-jaya-mangaLam = May your name and form confer good to us ever)
53. 50 vELa = time,vELai/poZHudu, vELe/hottu, samay. (tammuDu baDalina vELa = [at the time]when your brother was fatigued)
Also used to indicate time relative to some other event..(see above example)
54. 50 jana = Sanskrit for people, used similarly in other languages.. (sAdhu-jana-jIvana = precious as life for the virtuous people)
55. 49 telisi = having known/understood, terinjiNDu/purinjiNDu, tiL(id)ukoNDu, jAn-kar/samajh-kar.
(telisi rAma cintanatO nAmamu sEyavE = Understand, through contemplation of rAma and then chant God's names)
56. 49 sadA = Sanskrit for always, eppozhudu,yAvAgalu, hamEshA ( centanE sadA uncukO = always keep me near you)
57. 49 mAM - Sanskrit for to me,ennai, nannannu, mujhE/mujhkO (mam-ava satatam = protect me always)
second case declension(vocative) of the root asmad = I/we
58. 49 kula = Sanskrit for race/community/family; same word is used in most languages..
(nIvErA kula dhanamu = You alone are my family wealth)
58b. kula is also used in the sense of horde,multitude, flock, kuzhuvu, gumpu, jhunD
(aLi kula nibha vENi = (O Mother) whose tresses are dark like a swarm of bees!)
59. 49 bhakti = sanskrit for attachment/piety/devotion.. rAma-bhakti-samrAjya = the empire that is devotion to rama
60a. 48 pati = when solitary or suffixed to word indicating a woman; means husband.. (sItapati, vAgpati etc)
60b. when compounded with other words, can mean lord/master/possesor/sovereign etc.. (for examples see rAja, replace all rAja with pati)
61. 47 sundara = Sanskrit for beautiful/charming/agreeable.. widely prevalent as such in other languages too.. (sundara-tara-dEham = most beautiful bodied)
62. 46 rAdA = doesn't it come/ varavillayA, baralillavA, AyA nahIN kyA..? (vina rAdA nA manavi = Can’t You listen to my appeal?)
(usually rhetorical) negative form of the telugu verb rA = come.. Usually an auxillary verb to another verb or an abstract noun..
This seems to be a meaning of sanskrit stock.. (nija-dAsa varada = boon-giver to your devotees)
51b. 51 nija = truth.. uNmai/mei, nija/satya, sach.. (nijamugA nee mahima = verily, your greatness)
this usage of a sanskrit word in a different meaning is peculiar to all the south Indian languages.
(other examples I can think of, with changed meanings, are sadya in kannada, and yadeccham in tamizh)
52. 51 nAma = Sanskrit for name, peyar, hesaru,nAm ( nI nAma-rUpamulaku nitya-jaya-mangaLam = May your name and form confer good to us ever)
53. 50 vELa = time,vELai/poZHudu, vELe/hottu, samay. (tammuDu baDalina vELa = [at the time]when your brother was fatigued)
Also used to indicate time relative to some other event..(see above example)
54. 50 jana = Sanskrit for people, used similarly in other languages.. (sAdhu-jana-jIvana = precious as life for the virtuous people)
55. 49 telisi = having known/understood, terinjiNDu/purinjiNDu, tiL(id)ukoNDu, jAn-kar/samajh-kar.
(telisi rAma cintanatO nAmamu sEyavE = Understand, through contemplation of rAma and then chant God's names)
56. 49 sadA = Sanskrit for always, eppozhudu,yAvAgalu, hamEshA ( centanE sadA uncukO = always keep me near you)
57. 49 mAM - Sanskrit for to me,ennai, nannannu, mujhE/mujhkO (mam-ava satatam = protect me always)
second case declension(vocative) of the root asmad = I/we
58. 49 kula = Sanskrit for race/community/family; same word is used in most languages..
(nIvErA kula dhanamu = You alone are my family wealth)
58b. kula is also used in the sense of horde,multitude, flock, kuzhuvu, gumpu, jhunD
(aLi kula nibha vENi = (O Mother) whose tresses are dark like a swarm of bees!)
59. 49 bhakti = sanskrit for attachment/piety/devotion.. rAma-bhakti-samrAjya = the empire that is devotion to rama
60a. 48 pati = when solitary or suffixed to word indicating a woman; means husband.. (sItapati, vAgpati etc)
60b. when compounded with other words, can mean lord/master/possesor/sovereign etc.. (for examples see rAja, replace all rAja with pati)
61. 47 sundara = Sanskrit for beautiful/charming/agreeable.. widely prevalent as such in other languages too.. (sundara-tara-dEham = most beautiful bodied)
62. 46 rAdA = doesn't it come/ varavillayA, baralillavA, AyA nahIN kyA..? (vina rAdA nA manavi = Can’t You listen to my appeal?)
(usually rhetorical) negative form of the telugu verb rA = come.. Usually an auxillary verb to another verb or an abstract noun..
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Or, is it, 'auspiciousness (jaya mangaLam) to/for your (nI) name (nAma) and forms (rUpamulaku) forever/daily (nitya)'?keerthi wrote: nI nAma-rUpamulaku nitya-jaya-mangaLam = May your name and form confer good to us ever
rAdA? = varAdA, varamATTAdA, varamuDiyAdA (won't you/it come?). In hindi, I do not think you can find a single word for this - like in English, a phrase would be needed - 'A nahIn saktE?' for 'avar varArA/varamATTArA?keerthi wrote: 62. 46 rAdA = doesn't it come/ varavillayA,
varavillayA? = didn't you/it come?
Last edited by rshankar on 02 Jun 2009, 17:23, edited 1 time in total.
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I agree that both the above are improvements on my attempts..rshankar wrote:
Or, is it, 'auspiciousness (jaya mangaLam) to/for your (nI) name (nAma) and forms (rUpamulaku) forever/daily (nitya)'?
rAdA? = varAdA, varamATTAdA, varamuDiyAdA (won't you/it come?). In hindi, I do not think you can find a single word for this - like in English, a phrase would be needed - 'A nahIn saktE?' for 'avar varArA/varamATTArA?
varavillayA? = didn't you/it come?
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srkris, thanks for the reference. Every time I do any kind of reference look up on such Sanskrit related items, I get amazed by how Panini's work is so relevant to today's computing world. It just boggles my mind that he had advanced the field of generative grammars 2000+ years back only for the rest of humanity to catch up to him after so long.srkris wrote:VK, you can find the list of the 2000 verbal roots in the "Dhatupatha".
Do the root words cover both verbs and nouns ( or at that root word level, this is not even an appropriate question to ask? )
I googled and found a few sites but have not found one which is complete with English translation. I am continuing to look.
Also, I would like to use a site that has good credentials both for the root word list as well as the english translations. Thanks.
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The 'dhAtu' in dhAtu-pATha refers to verb root.. Hence it is a list of verbs alone.. the ancient master of semantics and etymology YAska posited that all nouns were derived from verbs or combinations of verb forms.. hence there isn't a noun-root in sanskrit..vasanthakokilam wrote:
Do the root words cover both verbs and nouns ( or at that root word level, this is not even an appropriate question to ask? )
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Interesting! That is a very audacious statement to make in itself let alone build a whole language/grammar around that concept. This gets curioser and curioser! I will read up further on YAska. I wanted to look at the roots to get a glimpse of the kind of universal entities they were dealing with then, but this throws a monkey wrench into that plan. But it only makes it further interesting since verbs ( actions ) are probably a closed set. What a great idea to derive the open and extensible set of nouns from that fixed set.the ancient master of semantics and etymology YAska posited that all nouns were derived from verbs or combinations of verb forms..
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That is right.keerthi wrote:The 'dhAtu' in dhAtu-pATha refers to verb root.. Hence it is a list of verbs alone.. the ancient master of semantics and etymology YAska posited that all nouns were derived from verbs or combinations of verb forms.. hence there isn't a noun-root in sanskrit..
However, much as Panini and his school tried to explain the etymologies of all nouns by their verbal roots, they could not account for some of the rarer nouns (mainly in vedic), for which they promptly said the vedas are above authority
My supposition is that Vedic may have had other roots (unknown to later grammarians like Panini) that gave rise to those nouns.
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Veda is eternal. Yaska derived the 'dhatus' from the veda to provide explanation for the meaning of the veda. In many cases he was unable to contain the meanings within the dhatus. Sayana follows Yaska in his interpretaions of the veda on which there are lots of disagreements especially from Dayananda Sarasvati. Etymology is analytic while original vedic words are synthetic. Hence Panini who fashioned the dhatupATHa throws his hands up as 'ArShaprayOga' while dealing with vedic terms since he strictly followed Yaska...
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cmlover wrote:Veda is eternal. Yaska derived the 'dhatus' from the veda to provide explanation for the meaning of the veda. In many cases he was unable to contain the meanings within the dhatus. Sayana follows Yaska in his interpretaions of the veda on which there are lots of disagreements especially from Dayananda Sarasvati. Etymology is analytic while original vedic words are synthetic. Hence Panini who fashioned the dhatupATHa throws his hands up as 'ArShaprayOga' while dealing with vedic terms since he strictly followed Yaska...
Speaking about sayana's commentary, I remember prof.Fritz staal ,the eminent chronicler of the soma, agniSToma and Aptoryama sacrifices quoting his teacher - when sAyana doesn't understand a word in the rg vEda, he says it means water..! :p
It is inconcievable, that any language or proto-language can evolve solely from verbs.. I think the pUrvAcArya-s knew this.. Their idea may have been, that sanskrit being a much-fashioned and consciously crafted language could fit into this idea.. The corpus of verb and noun must have taken form simultaneously.. their eventual development probably wasn't of the same kind/ at the same rate....
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If Sayana actually did that, it is likely he meant something by it. The term 'ÄÂÂkeerthi wrote:Speaking about sayana's commentary, I remember prof.Fritz staal ,the eminent chronicler of the soma, agniSToma and Aptoryama sacrifices quoting his teacher - when sAyana doesn't understand a word in the rg vEda, he says it means water..! :p
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I think the professor meant sayana's interpretAtion of several different words.. That is a little funny..srkris wrote:Each verse of these hymns exhorts the listener to understand the true properties (nature) of water. Sayana was probably not joking.keerthi wrote:Speaking about sayana's commentary, I remember prof.Fritz staal ,the eminent chronicler of the soma, agniSToma and Aptoryama sacrifices quoting his teacher - when sAyana doesn't understand a word in the rg vEda, he says it means water..! :p
And take his comment, and my quote of the comment (and, actually sayana) with a pinch of salt.. makes it more palatable..
Imagine the first creatures that communicated.. the words for say sun/day/light and mother etc.. would have been the earliest coinages.. and these would have been acts of naming.. when the first humans learnt to speak to each other, they would have coined nouns rather than verbs, in my opinion..If some nouns can be formed from verbs, why cannot all nouns be thus formed?It is inconcievable, that any language or proto-language can evolve solely from verbs.. I think the pUrvAcArya-s knew this..
Eventually when verbs were created and people were comfortable using them.. they probably were used to created abstract and other nouns..
I just felt this may be the more natural course.. other rationalisations are welcome..
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